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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <!-- - Copyright (C) 2000-2018 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") - - This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public - License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this - file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. --> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"> <title>dnssec-keyfromlabel</title> <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1"> <link rel="home" href="Bv9ARM.html" title="BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual"> <link rel="up" href="Bv9ARM.ch13.html" title="Manual pages"> <link rel="prev" href="man.dnssec-importkey.html" title="dnssec-importkey"> <link rel="next" href="man.dnssec-keygen.html" title="dnssec-keygen"> </head> <body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"> <div class="navheader"> <table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"> <tr><th colspan="3" align="center"><span class="application">dnssec-keyfromlabel</span></th></tr> <tr> <td width="20%" align="left"> <a accesskey="p" href="man.dnssec-importkey.html">Prev</a>�</td> <th width="60%" align="center">Manual pages</th> <td width="20%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="man.dnssec-keygen.html">Next</a> </td> </tr> </table> <hr> </div> <div class="refentry"> <a name="man.dnssec-keyfromlabel"></a><div class="titlepage"></div> <div class="refnamediv"> <h2>Name</h2> <p> <span class="application">dnssec-keyfromlabel</span> — DNSSEC key generation tool </p> </div> <div class="refsynopsisdiv"> <h2>Synopsis</h2> <div class="cmdsynopsis"><p> <code class="command">dnssec-keyfromlabel</code> {-l <em class="replaceable"><code>label</code></em>} [<code class="option">-3</code>] [<code class="option">-a <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-A <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-D <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-D sync <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-G</code>] [<code class="option">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k</code>] [<code class="option">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-P <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-P sync <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-R <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">-y</code>] {name} </p></div> </div> <div class="refsection"> <a name="id-1.14.11.7"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2> <p><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-keyfromlabel</strong></span> generates a key pair of files that referencing a key object stored in a cryptographic hardware service module (HSM). The private key file can be used for DNSSEC signing of zone data as if it were a conventional signing key created by <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-keygen</strong></span>, but the key material is stored within the HSM, and the actual signing takes place there. </p> <p> The <code class="option">name</code> of the key is specified on the command line. This must match the name of the zone for which the key is being generated. </p> </div> <div class="refsection"> <a name="id-1.14.11.8"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2> <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"> <dt><span class="term">-a <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em></span></dt> <dd> <p> Selects the cryptographic algorithm. The value of <code class="option">algorithm</code> must be one of RSAMD5, RSASHA1, DSA, NSEC3RSASHA1, NSEC3DSA, RSASHA256, RSASHA512, ECCGOST, ECDSAP256SHA256, ECDSAP384SHA384, ED25519 or ED448. These values are case insensitive. </p> <p> If no algorithm is specified, then RSASHA1 will be used by default, unless the <code class="option">-3</code> option is specified, in which case NSEC3RSASHA1 will be used instead. (If <code class="option">-3</code> is used and an algorithm is specified, that algorithm will be checked for compatibility with NSEC3.) </p> <p> Note 1: that for DNSSEC, RSASHA1 is a mandatory to implement algorithm, and DSA is recommended. </p> <p> Note 2: DH automatically sets the -k flag. </p> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-3</span></dt> <dd> <p> Use an NSEC3-capable algorithm to generate a DNSSEC key. If this option is used and no algorithm is explicitly set on the command line, NSEC3RSASHA1 will be used by default. </p> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine</code></em></span></dt> <dd> <p> Specifies the cryptographic hardware to use. </p> <p> When BIND is built with OpenSSL PKCS#11 support, this defaults to the string "pkcs11", which identifies an OpenSSL engine that can drive a cryptographic accelerator or hardware service module. When BIND is built with native PKCS#11 cryptography (--enable-native-pkcs11), it defaults to the path of the PKCS#11 provider library specified via "--with-pkcs11". </p> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>label</code></em></span></dt> <dd> <p> Specifies the label for a key pair in the crypto hardware. </p> <p> When <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 is built with OpenSSL-based PKCS#11 support, the label is an arbitrary string that identifies a particular key. It may be preceded by an optional OpenSSL engine name, followed by a colon, as in "pkcs11:<em class="replaceable"><code>keylabel</code></em>". </p> <p> When <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 is built with native PKCS#11 support, the label is a PKCS#11 URI string in the format "pkcs11:<code class="option">keyword</code>=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em>[<span class="optional">;<code class="option">keyword</code>=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em>;...</span>]" Keywords include "token", which identifies the HSM; "object", which identifies the key; and "pin-source", which identifies a file from which the HSM's PIN code can be obtained. The label will be stored in the on-disk "private" file. </p> <p> If the label contains a <code class="option">pin-source</code> field, tools using the generated key files will be able to use the HSM for signing and other operations without any need for an operator to manually enter a PIN. Note: Making the HSM's PIN accessible in this manner may reduce the security advantage of using an HSM; be sure this is what you want to do before making use of this feature. </p> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em></span></dt> <dd> <p> Specifies the owner type of the key. The value of <code class="option">nametype</code> must either be ZONE (for a DNSSEC zone key (KEY/DNSKEY)), HOST or ENTITY (for a key associated with a host (KEY)), USER (for a key associated with a user(KEY)) or OTHER (DNSKEY). These values are case insensitive. </p> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-C</span></dt> <dd> <p> Compatibility mode: generates an old-style key, without any metadata. By default, <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-keyfromlabel</strong></span> will include the key's creation date in the metadata stored with the private key, and other dates may be set there as well (publication date, activation date, etc). Keys that include this data may be incompatible with older versions of BIND; the <code class="option">-C</code> option suppresses them. </p> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span></dt> <dd> <p> Indicates that the DNS record containing the key should have the specified class. If not specified, class IN is used. </p> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></span></dt> <dd> <p> Set the specified flag in the flag field of the KEY/DNSKEY record. The only recognized flags are KSK (Key Signing Key) and REVOKE. </p> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-G</span></dt> <dd> <p> Generate a key, but do not publish it or sign with it. This option is incompatible with -P and -A. </p> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-h</span></dt> <dd> <p> Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-keyfromlabel</strong></span>. </p> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt> <dd> <p> Sets the directory in which the key files are to be written. </p> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-k</span></dt> <dd> <p> Generate KEY records rather than DNSKEY records. </p> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></span></dt> <dd> <p> Sets the default TTL to use for this key when it is converted into a DNSKEY RR. If the key is imported into a zone, this is the TTL that will be used for it, unless there was already a DNSKEY RRset in place, in which case the existing TTL would take precedence. Setting the default TTL to <code class="literal">0</code> or <code class="literal">none</code> removes it. </p> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em></span></dt> <dd> <p> Sets the protocol value for the key. The protocol is a number between 0 and 255. The default is 3 (DNSSEC). Other possible values for this argument are listed in RFC 2535 and its successors. </p> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span></dt> <dd> <p> Generate a key as an explicit successor to an existing key. The name, algorithm, size, and type of the key will be set to match the predecessor. The activation date of the new key will be set to the inactivation date of the existing one. The publication date will be set to the activation date minus the prepublication interval, which defaults to 30 days. </p> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></span></dt> <dd> <p> Indicates the use of the key. <code class="option">type</code> must be one of AUTHCONF, NOAUTHCONF, NOAUTH, or NOCONF. The default is AUTHCONF. AUTH refers to the ability to authenticate data, and CONF the ability to encrypt data. </p> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></span></dt> <dd> <p> Sets the debugging level. </p> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-V</span></dt> <dd> <p> Prints version information. </p> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-y</span></dt> <dd> <p> Allows DNSSEC key files to be generated even if the key ID would collide with that of an existing key, in the event of either key being revoked. (This is only safe to use if you are sure you won't be using RFC 5011 trust anchor maintenance with either of the keys involved.) </p> </dd> </dl></div> </div> <div class="refsection"> <a name="id-1.14.11.9"></a><h2>TIMING OPTIONS</h2> <p> Dates can be expressed in the format YYYYMMDD or YYYYMMDDHHMMSS. If the argument begins with a '+' or '-', it is interpreted as an offset from the present time. For convenience, if such an offset is followed by one of the suffixes 'y', 'mo', 'w', 'd', 'h', or 'mi', then the offset is computed in years (defined as 365 24-hour days, ignoring leap years), months (defined as 30 24-hour days), weeks, days, hours, or minutes, respectively. Without a suffix, the offset is computed in seconds. To explicitly prevent a date from being set, use 'none' or 'never'. </p> <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"> <dt><span class="term">-P <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></span></dt> <dd> <p> Sets the date on which a key is to be published to the zone. After that date, the key will be included in the zone but will not be used to sign it. If not set, and if the -G option has not been used, the default is "now". </p> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-P sync <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></span></dt> <dd> <p> Sets the date on which the CDS and CDNSKEY records which match this key are to be published to the zone. </p> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-A <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></span></dt> <dd> <p> Sets the date on which the key is to be activated. After that date, the key will be included in the zone and used to sign it. If not set, and if the -G option has not been used, the default is "now". </p> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-R <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></span></dt> <dd> <p> Sets the date on which the key is to be revoked. After that date, the key will be flagged as revoked. It will be included in the zone and will be used to sign it. </p> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></span></dt> <dd> <p> Sets the date on which the key is to be retired. After that date, the key will still be included in the zone, but it will not be used to sign it. </p> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-D <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></span></dt> <dd> <p> Sets the date on which the key is to be deleted. After that date, the key will no longer be included in the zone. (It may remain in the key repository, however.) </p> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-D sync <em class="replaceable"><code>date/offset</code></em></span></dt> <dd> <p> Sets the date on which the CDS and CDNSKEY records which match this key are to be deleted. </p> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></span></dt> <dd> <p> Sets the prepublication interval for a key. If set, then the publication and activation dates must be separated by at least this much time. If the activation date is specified but the publication date isn't, then the publication date will default to this much time before the activation date; conversely, if the publication date is specified but activation date isn't, then activation will be set to this much time after publication. </p> <p> If the key is being created as an explicit successor to another key, then the default prepublication interval is 30 days; otherwise it is zero. </p> <p> As with date offsets, if the argument is followed by one of the suffixes 'y', 'mo', 'w', 'd', 'h', or 'mi', then the interval is measured in years, months, weeks, days, hours, or minutes, respectively. Without a suffix, the interval is measured in seconds. </p> </dd> </dl></div> </div> <div class="refsection"> <a name="id-1.14.11.10"></a><h2>GENERATED KEY FILES</h2> <p> When <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-keyfromlabel</strong></span> completes successfully, it prints a string of the form <code class="filename">Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii</code> to the standard output. This is an identification string for the key files it has generated. </p> <div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "> <li class="listitem"> <p><code class="filename">nnnn</code> is the key name. </p> </li> <li class="listitem"> <p><code class="filename">aaa</code> is the numeric representation of the algorithm. </p> </li> <li class="listitem"> <p><code class="filename">iiiii</code> is the key identifier (or footprint). </p> </li> </ul></div> <p><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-keyfromlabel</strong></span> creates two files, with names based on the printed string. <code class="filename">Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii.key</code> contains the public key, and <code class="filename">Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii.private</code> contains the private key. </p> <p> The <code class="filename">.key</code> file contains a DNS KEY record that can be inserted into a zone file (directly or with a $INCLUDE statement). </p> <p> The <code class="filename">.private</code> file contains algorithm-specific fields. For obvious security reasons, this file does not have general read permission. </p> </div> <div class="refsection"> <a name="id-1.14.11.11"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2> <p><span class="citerefentry"> <span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8) </span>, <span class="citerefentry"> <span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-signzone</span>(8) </span>, <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>, <em class="citetitle">RFC 4034</em>, <em class="citetitle">The PKCS#11 URI Scheme (draft-pechanec-pkcs11uri-13)</em>. </p> </div> </div> <div class="navfooter"> <hr> <table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"> <tr> <td width="40%" align="left"> <a accesskey="p" href="man.dnssec-importkey.html">Prev</a>�</td> <td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="Bv9ARM.ch13.html">Up</a></td> <td width="40%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="man.dnssec-keygen.html">Next</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%" align="left" valign="top"> <span class="application">dnssec-importkey</span>�</td> <td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="Bv9ARM.html">Home</a></td> <td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">�<span class="application">dnssec-keygen</span> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <p xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" style="text-align: center;">BIND 9.11.4-P2 (Extended Support Version)</p> </body> </html>